Types of sequence alignment (pairwise vs. multiple)
• BLAST & FASTA: Sequence similarity search
• Clustal Omega & MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment
• Interpretation of alignment results Introduction to phylogenetics
• Building phylogenetic trees
• MEGA & PhyML: Tools for phylogenetic analysis
• Applications in evolutionary biology & biotechnology
• Intro to primer design Protein structure levels (primary to quaternary)
• PDB, Swiss-Model, I-TASSER: 3D structure databases & prediction tools
• Molecular docking basics & introduction to PyMOL Functional annotation of genes & proteins
• GO (Gene Ontology), KEGG Pathways: Understanding gene function
• Introduction to transcriptomics & microarray data analysis
• Applications in biotechnology research Overview of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics
• How bioinformatics handles big data in life sciences
• Next-generation sequencing (NGS) & applications in biotech
• Practical case study: Bioinformatics in personalized medicine Virtual screening & molecular docking (theory)
• Computational approaches in drug discovery
• Bioinformatics in vaccine development
• Future trends: AI, machine learning & bioinformatics integration